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Front Cover -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- Overview -- Management Response -- Management Action Record -- Chairperson's Summary: Committee on Development Effectiveness -- 1 Introduction to Public-Private Partnerships -- What Are PPPs? -- Rationale for Supporting PPPs -- PPPs and the Poor -- PPP Trends Globally and the World Bank Group's Engagement -- Evaluation Design -- 2 Relevance of World Bank Group Support -- The World Bank Group's Strategic Framework for PPPs -- The World Bank Group's Strategic Resources Deployment on PPPs -- Addressing Countries' Development Priorities and PPP Constraints -- Conclusion -- 3 Paving the Way for PPPs through Policy Reform and Institution Building -- World Bank Group Interventions to Improve the PPP Enabling Environment -- Focus and Results of World Bank Group Upstream Work -- Drivers of Success of Upstream Work -- Conclusion -- 4 Did Public-Private Partnerships Deliver? -- World Bank Group Support to Structuring and Financing PPPs -- Results of World Bank Group Support to PPPs -- Drivers of Success and Failure of PPP Performance -- Conclusion -- 5 Working as One World Bank Group -- Leveraging of Synergies across One World Bank Group -- The Case for PPP Country Diagnostics -- Challenges and Opportunities for the Future -- Conclusion -- 6 The Experience of Other Multilateral Development Banks with Public-Private Partnerships -- Asian Development Bank -- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development -- Inter-American Development Bank -- African Development Bank -- European Investment Bank -- Conclusions -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Methodology Used to Identify Public-Private Partnership Projects -- Appendix B Public-Private Partnership Indicators -- Appendix C Country Case Study Methodology.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Great Expectations and Some Skepticism -- Major Contributions of The State of Economic Inclusion Report 2021 -- Transforming the Lives of the Extreme Poor and Vulnerable: A Framework -- Ten Key Findings -- Future Directions -- Notes -- PART A Moving to Scale: Concepts, Practice, and Evidence -- Chapter 1 Economic Inclusion: A Framework -- Introduction -- A Story of Great Expectations . . . -- . . . and Some Skepticism -- A Framework to Transform Economic Lives -- Goal and Outcomes -- Context and Response: Customizing to Local Settings -- Entry Points and Adaptations: Moving to Scale -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 1 Economic Inclusion and COVID-19 Recovery -- Chapter 2 Moving to Scale: Political Realities and Entry Points -- Introduction -- Program Adoption and Scale-Up: Political Realities -- Trade-Offs in Shaping Program Design and Implementation -- Entry Points to Scale -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 A Surge in Economic Inclusion Programming Worldwide -- A Snapshot in Time -- The Current Reach of Economic Inclusion Programs -- Target Populations -- Program Components -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 2 Promoting Women's Empowerment through Economic Inclusion -- Chapter 4 Moving to Scale through Government-led Programs -- Introduction -- Programmatic Adaptations to Scale -- Institutional Adaptations to Scale -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Spotlight 3 Linking Economic Inclusion and Markets for the Poorest -- Chapter 5 An Assessment of Program Impacts -- Introduction -- Review of the Impact Literature: Method, Sample, and Caveats -- Evidence of Overall Impact -- Factors That Mediate Impact -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References.

Front Cover -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Overview -- Executive Summary -- Aggregate Financial Flows to Low-and Middle-Income Countries -- External Debt Stocks in 2019 -- External Debt Flows in 2019 -- Supporting Debt Data Transparency -- IDA Borrowers Eligible for the DSSI: External Debt Stocks and Flows -- Debt Indicators, 2010-2019 -- Equity Flows in 2019 -- Part II Aggregate and Country Tables -- All Low- and Middle-Income Countries -- East Asia and Pacific -- Europe and Central Asia -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Middle East and North Africa -- South Asia -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Afghanistan -- Albania -- Algeria -- Angola -- Argentina -- Armenia -- Azerbaijan -- Bangladesh -- Belarus -- Belize -- Benin -- Bhutan -- Bolivia, Plurinational State of -- Bosnia and Herzegovina -- Botswana -- Brazil -- Bulgaria -- Burkina Faso -- Burundi -- Cabo Verde -- Cambodia -- Cameroon -- Central African Republic -- Chad -- China -- Colombia -- Comoros -- Congo, Democratic Republic of -- Congo, Republic of -- Costa Rica -- Côte d'Ivoire -- Djibouti -- Dominica -- Dominican Republic -- Ecuador -- Egypt, Arab Republic of -- El Salvador -- Eritrea -- Eswatini -- Ethiopia -- Fiji -- Gabon -- Gambia, The -- Georgia -- Ghana -- Grenada -- Guatemala -- Guinea -- Guinea-Bissau -- Guyana -- Haiti -- Honduras -- India -- Indonesia -- Iran, Islamic Republic of -- Jamaica -- Jordan -- Kazakhstan -- Kenya -- Kosovo -- Kyrgyz Republic -- Lao People's Democratic Republic -- Lebanon -- Lesotho -- Liberia -- Madagascar -- Malawi -- Maldives -- Mali -- Mauritania -- Mexico -- Moldova -- Mogolia -- Montenegro -- Morocco -- Mozambique -- Myanmar -- Nepal -- Nicaragua -- Niger -- Nigeria -- North Macedonia -- Pakistan -- Papua New Guinea -- Paraguay -- Peru -- Philippines -- Russian Federation -- Rwanda -- Samoa -- São Tomé and Príncipe.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Team -- Abbreviations -- Introduction: Global Goals, Shared Challenges -- 1 Monitoring Global Poverty -- Introduction -- Monitoring global poverty: Tracking progress toward the 2030 goals -- Beyond extreme poverty: The US3.20-a-day and US5.50-a-day poverty lines -- A relative poverty measure: The societal poverty line -- Beyond monetary poverty: The multidimensional poverty measure -- A focus on extreme poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Annex 1A PovcalNet data and methodology for measuring extreme poverty -- Annex 1B Higher absolute poverty lines: US3.20 and US5.50 per person per day -- Annex 1C Societal poverty -- Annex 1D Multidimensional poverty measure -- Notes -- References -- 2 Shared Prosperity: Monitoring Inclusive Growth -- Introduction: Shared prosperity-Focusing on the bottom 40 -- The most recent estimates of shared prosperity and the shared prosperity premium -- Outlook: COVID-19 and prospects for shared prosperity -- Shared prosperity and its connection to other welfare indicators -- Who is in the bottom 40? -- Annex 2A Shared prosperity estimates, by economy -- Annex 2B Data for shared prosperity over different periods -- Annex 2C Comparison of two shared prosperity rounds -- Notes -- References -- 3 Key Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Global Poor: Vulnerability to Conflict, Climate Risks, and COVID-19 -- Introduction -- Key socioeconomic characteristics of the global poor -- Poverty and conflict: A global and subnational perspective -- Poverty and climate risks -- Vulnerability and multiple risks: Poverty in the face of COVID-19, conflict, and climate risks -- Annex 3A New vintage of the Global Monitoring Database -- Annex 3B Robustness of poverty profiles: Adding and subtracting countries.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Data notes -- Regional tables -- World -- East Asia and Pacific -- Europe and Central Asia -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Middle East and North Africa -- North America -- South Asia -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Income group tables -- Low income -- Lower middle income -- Upper middle income -- High income -- Country tables (in alphabetical order) -- Notes -- Glossary -- A -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- I -- L -- M -- N -- P -- T -- U -- References.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Glossary -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- 1 Islamic Finance and Shared Prosperity -- 2 The State of Development and Shared Prosperity in OIC Countries -- 3 The Islamic Banking Sector -- 4 Islamic Capital Markets -- 5 Takaful (Islamic Insurance), Retakaful, and Microtakaful -- 6 Nonbank Financial Institutions -- 7 Alternative Asset Classes -- 8 Islamic Social Finance -- 9 Public Policy Measures to Enhance Shared Prosperity -- Chapter Attributions -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- BOXES -- 1.1 The World Bank Group Approach to Enhancing Shared Prosperity -- 1.2 The Islamic Development Bank Group Strategy for Development -- 1.3 Key Institutions in an Ideal Islamic Economy -- 1.4 Why Is Debt Finance So Prevalent? -- 1.5 Key Instruments of Redistribution in Islamic Finance -- 1.6 How Development of the Financial Sector Could Promote Shared Prosperity -- 3.1 Abu Halima Mudarabah Greenhouse Project in Sudan -- 3.2 Channels of Financial Inclusion from an Islamic Finance Perspective -- 3.3 Islamic Banking: Is It Good for Growth? -- 4.1 Issuances in IDB's Medium-Term Note Program -- 5.1 Similarities and Differences between Conventional Mutuals/Cooperatives and Takaful -- 5.2 Country Case: Regulation and Challenges in Nigeria -- 6.1 Case 1. Green Sukuk and the Rising Trend in Responsible Investment -- 6.2 Case 2. Liwwa: A Shari'ah-Compliant Peer-to-Peer Lending Platform -- 6.3 Case 3. NBFI Shari'ah-Compliant Home Financing in Canada -- 6.4 Case 4. ASR Leasing in Tajikistan -- 8.1 Case 1. Revolving Credit out of Pooled Sadaqat and Zakat Proceeds: Akhuwat, Pakistan -- 8.2 Case 2. Community-Driven Development: Dompet Dhuafa Republika, Indonesia

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Partners -- User guide -- 1. World view -- Introduction -- Sustainable Development Goals NEW! -- SDG 1 No poverty -- SDG 2 Zero hunger -- SDG 3 Good health and well-being -- SDG 4 Quality education -- SDG 5 Gender equality -- SDG 6 Clean water and sanitation -- SDG 7 Affordable and clean energy -- SDG 8 Productive employment and economic growth -- SDG 9 Industry, innovation, and infrastructure -- SDG 10 Reduced inequalities -- SDG 11 Sustainable cities and communities

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Overview -- About Doing Business -- Reforming the Business Environment in 2015/16 -- Case studies -- Getting Electricity Factors affecting the reliability of electricity supply -- Getting Credit: Legal Rights Two approaches to developing an integrated secured transactions regime -- Getting Credit: Credit Information Casting a wide net to expand financial inclusion -- Protecting Minority Investors Achieving sound corporate governance -- Paying Taxes Assessing postfiling processes -- Trading Across Borders Technology gains in trade facilitation -- Annex: Labor Market Regulation What can we learn from Doing Business data? -- Annex: Selling to the Government Why public procurement matters -- References -- Data Notes -- Distance to Frontier and Ease of Doing Business Ranking -- Summaries of Doing Business Reforms in 2015/16 -- Country Tables -- Labor Market Regulation Data -- Acknowledgments

Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Data notes -- Regional tables -- World -- East Asia and Pacific -- Europe and Central Asia -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Middle East and North Africa -- North America -- South Asia -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Income group tables -- Low income -- Lower middle income -- Upper middle income -- High income -- Country tables (in alphabetical order) -- Notes -- Glossary -- References -- Back Cover

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Data notes -- Regional tables -- World -- East Asia and Pacific -- Europe and Central Asia -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Middle East and North Africa -- North America -- South Asia -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Income group tables -- Low income -- Lower middle income -- Upper middle income -- High income -- Country tables (in alphabetical order) -- Note -- Glossary -- A -- B -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U.

The Little Green Data Book 2015 is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, oceans, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. For the third year, The Little Green Data Book presents a new set of ocean-related indicators, highlighting the role of oceans in economic development

The little data book on Private Sector Development 2015 is a reliable cross-country data on aspects of private sector development, crucial in planning for economic recovery and growth. In targeting increased exports and investment, many governments prioritize an improved climate for business as a basis to attract capital, create jobs, and provide basic services. The availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank Group s Doing Business project, Enterprise Surveys, and the Entrepreneurship Snapshots. Include

As in previous years, global growth disappointed in 2014, but a lackluster recovery is underway, with increasingly divergent prospects in major economies and developing countries. Looking ahead, growth is expected to rise slowly, supported by continued recovery in highincomecountries, low oil prices, and receding domestic headwinds in developing economies. However, continued weak global trade growth and gradually tightening financial conditions will constrain the recovery. Risks to the outlook remain tilted to the downside.In addition to discussing global and regional economic developments and prospects, this edition of Global Economic Prospects includes four essays that analyze key challenges and opportunities currently confronting developing countries: fiscal policy as a countercyclical policy tool; causes and implications of cheap oil; weak trade that fails to act as an engine of growth; and remittances as a means of steadying consumptionduring sudden stops.Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report. On a semiannual basis (January and June), it examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on developing countries. The report includes analysis of topical policy challenges faced bydeveloping countries through in-depth research in the January edition and shorter analytical pieces in the June edition.